Control strategy by Schendel and Hofer focuses on two questions (1) whether the strategy is implemented as planned and (2) whether the profit made by the strategy is expected. This definition refers to the traditional assessment and feedback step which is the final step of the strategic management process. Normative model of strategic management process that describes the main steps include the formulation of strategies, implentasi strategy and evaluation (control) strategy.Control strategies based primarily on traditional control process that involves the study and performance feedback to determine the plans, strategies and objectives have been achieved by producing information that is used to solve problems or take corrective action.Contributors to the new conceptual to the strategic control literature shows the feedback control that takes into account anticipated future rapid change and uncertain external environment. Schreyogg and Steinmann (1987) have made the initial discovery in developing new systems that operate on a continuous basis, check and evaluate asums, strategy and results are critical. Strategic control as a critical evaluation of the plan, activities and results, thereby providing information for future action. Schreyogg and Steinmann proposed a classical feedback model for strategic control includes the assumption of control, control implementation and strategic oversight. Pearce and Robinson added a special memorial controlling component. The four types of control is designed to meet the needs of top management to oversee the strategy when implemented, to mendekteksi important issues, and to make the necessary adjustments. Strategic control is associated with the assumption that the key environmental and operational requirements necessary for a successful implementation strategy.Assuming Control is designed to systematically and continuously check whether or assumptions used during the planning process and implementation are still reliable or not. It involves environmental conditions, namely environmental factors (economic, technological, socio-cultural, political-legal, demographic, ecological, government regulations etc..) And industry factors (competitors, suppliers, buyers, substitutes and barriers to entry). All of the assumptions may not require similarity of a number of controls. Therefore, managers must choose the appropriate assumptions and variables to change and will have a major impact on the company and the implementation strategy.Dell Computer first success begins with the assumption that buyers want a cheap price and computer delivered directly. So Dell decided not to use a dealer such as IBM, but using a computer delivered orders directly, and its PC prices 40% cheaper than dealers IBM and Dell are still getting benefits. Enhanced direct sales, in addition to online booking by telephone is also assuming the development of internet users is growing very rapidly, customers are given the choice to adjust to them, with the system assembled to order to save on inventory costs significantly and eventually Dell is currently the world's number one seller of PCs and ranked 27 companies are admired the world in 2007.Control implementation of a control which questioned whether the overall strategy needs to be changed or not by looking at the results of the implementation strategy. Control of strategic implementation is no substitute for operational control. Control of implementation of the strategy relates to the functional strategy, organizational structure, leadership style, reward systems and information systems. Unlike operational control, control of strategic implementation on an ongoing basis to question the fundamental strategy. Control involves the implementation of these 2 things, namely to monitor the strategic trust (the new strategic program or a key strategic program) and review the important events.Apple implement a new strategy that stems from watching the programs to share music that is free, but illegal, such as Napster, Kazaa and LimeWire. By 2003, more than 2 million illegal music files traded every month. To purchase a music CD prices range from $ 19 for one CD. Plus the rapid demand for MP3 players like the iPod, Apple finally working with large music company BMG, EMI Group, Sony, Universal Music Group and Warner Brothers Records to support the main strategy of launching an online music store iTunes, which can buy music files do not have one album , but allowed just one song at a price 99 cents. Boeing after reviewing the manufacture of supersonic aircraft with expensive fuel and the lack of passengers, although it has spent a lot, Boeing finally stop the program.Strategic Oversight Office is a control that monitors events that might influence the strategies both within and outside the company. Compared with the control assumption and control implementation, strategic control is designed relatively less focused, open and search a wider activity. The basic idea behind strategic oversight is some form of general monitoring of various sources of information will find important opportunities not previously unexpected anticipated. Strategic oversight raises a similar way by observing the environment, although the observation of the environment is usually viewed from a part of the planning cycle in chronological order used to generate information for the new plan. In contrast, strategic oversight designed to save the strategy has been built on continuous basis. Citicorp has a long-term plan assumes an annual non-performing loans 10% of loans extended in the Third World during the period of five years. Citicorp strategic supervisory control by ordering all international branches to monitor announcements from the local government and of the relations officials to read the changes in the country where Citicorp operating environment. When the strategic oversight detect potential problems, the management adjust to the changes.For example, when the former president of Peru, Alan Garcia declared that his country will not pay interest on the loan on schedule, then Citicorp macer raise credit costs per year to 20%.Control specific warnings are thinking back to the company's strategy in depth, and often faster as a result of unexpected events. Unexpected incidents such as natural disasters, plane crash, the takeover of the company, product defect, toxic products, and so forth. These events can dramatically alter the company's strategy. Pearce and Robinson suggested that a special memorial controlling established only during the implementation of the strategy, because a special warning control actually is a sub part of the strategic oversight, which was hosted entirely within the strategic management process.
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